Cyprus Bailout Deal Wins Eurozone Approval

Cyprus has secured a 10bn euro (£8.5bn) bailout, saving the country from a banking system collapse and bankruptcy.

In return for the rescue funds, Cyprus must restructure its banking sector under an EU-IMF plan approved by eurozone ministers earlier today.

Markets across Europe rose in early trading on Monday morning in response to the last-minute deal.

The country's second-largest bank, Popular Bank of Cyprus, known as Laiki, will effectively be shut down and split into a "good bank" and a "bad bank".

Christine Lagarde and the German finance minister at the Eurogroup

Deposits below 100,000 euros (£85,509) in Laiki will be safeguarded and transferred to the Bank of Cyprus, the so-called "good bank".

Deposits above 100,000 euros, which under EU law are not insured, will be frozen and will be used to resolve debt. It is not yet clear how severe the losses will be for these depositors.

The move will yield 4.2bn euros (£3.6bn) overall - the bulk of the 5.8bn euros (£4.9bn) Cyprus needed to raise as part of the bailout conditions.

The deal emerged hours before a deadline to avert a collapse of the banking system, which could have forced Cyprus to exit the euro.

Banks have been closed this past week

It followed fraught negotiations between Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades and the troika of creditors - the International Monetary Fund, European Commission and European Central Bank.

"We've put an end to the uncertainty that has affected Cyprus and the euro area over the past week," said Jeroen Dijsselbloem, who chairs the meetings of the 17-nation eurozone's finance ministers.

"We believe that this will form a lasting, durable and fully financed solution," said Christine Lagarde, chief of the IMF.

After the eurozone's finance ministers' approval, several national parliaments, such as Germany's, must also approve the bailout deal, which might take another few weeks. EU officials said they expect the whole programme to be approved by mid-April.

Cyprus' finance minister Michalis Sarris said: "It's not that we won a battle, but we really have avoided a disastrous exit from the eurozone. A long period of uncertainty and insecurity surrounding the Cyprus economy has ended."

Cyprus' outsized banking sector was crippled by exposure to crisis-hit Greece.

In a vote on Tuesday, the country's 56-seat parliament dismissed a levy on depositors as "bank robbery".

The country's finance minister Michael Sarris then spent three fruitless days in Moscow trying to win help from Russia, whose citizens have billions of euros at stake.

Cypriots were outraged by the original proposal and have been queuing at cash machines ever since bank doors were closed last weekend on the orders of the government.

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Immigration: Cameron Says No Job, No Benefits

David Cameron is set to announce tough new measures to curb immigrants' access to housing and benefits, in an attempt to tackle the "something-for-nothing" welfare culture.

The Prime Minister will use a keynote speech today to warn those coming to the country that Britain will no longer be taking a "soft touch" approach to immigration.

From next year, arrivals from the European Union will be stripped of jobseekers' benefits after six months unless they can prove they have been actively looking for a job and stand a "genuine chance" of finding one.

Immigrant families will also be kept off council house waiting lists for up to five years.

Local authorities will have to introduce minimum residency times of between two and five years for joining waiting lists - or justify why they are not.

The speech comes as the UK Border Agency faced renewed criticism for its failure to tackle the backlog of asylum cases.

Immigrants will be kept off council housing waiting lists for five years

MPs on the Home Affairs select committee condemned the lack of progress as it warned the backlog would take 24 years to clear.

Mr Cameron is likely to cite figures showing that nearly one in 10 new social lettings go to foreign nationals. The proportion has risen from 6.5% in 2007-08 to 9% in 2011-12.

The Government is also pledging to beef up the "range and depth" of questions in the habitual residence test, which checks that people meet residence requirements for housing and income-related benefits.

Mr Cameron will also target illegal immigration - doubling the maximum fine for companies that employ illegal workers to £20,000.

He will also signal action against so-called "health tourism" that could mean non-EU nationals have to prove they hold insurance before getting care.

Immigrants must prove they have a 'genuine chance' of getting a job

Mr Cameron is expected to say in his speech: "While I have always believed in the benefits of immigration I have also always believed that immigration has to be properly controlled.

"As I have long argued, under the last government this simply wasn't the case. Immigration was far too high and badly out of control. Net migration needs to come down radically from hundreds of thousands a year to just tens of thousands.

"And as we bring net migration down so we must also make sure that Britain continues to benefit from it.

"That means ensuring that those who do come here are the brightest and the best the people we really need with the skills and entrepreneurial talent to create the British jobs and growth that will help us to win in the global race."

In his spring conference address over the weekend, UKIP leader Nigel Farage claimed his willingness to talk about immigration was one of the main reasons for the party's surge in popularity.

Immigrants to the UK take part in a Citizenship Ceremony

Concerns have also been rising over an influx from Bulgaria and Romania when movement restrictions are loosened at the end of this year.

The increasing political focus on the issue was emphasised last week when Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg ditched the Liberal Democrats' policy of offering an amnesty to illegal immigrants who have been in the country for more than 10 years.

He admitted the move would risk "undermining public confidence".

In his speech, Mr Cameron is also due to say: "Ending the something-for-nothing culture needs to apply to immigration as well as welfare.

"We're going to give migrants from the European Economic Area a very clear message. Just like British citizens, there is no absolute right to unemployment benefit."

Insisting the NHS must be able to reclaim money from people who are not eligible for treatment, Mr Cameron is to say: "We should be clear that what we have is a free National Health Service, not a free International Health Service."

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Airfares: Heavier Passengers 'Should Pay More'

Airlines should make heavier passengers pay more for their plane tickets and lighter ones less, it has been suggested.

The controversial pay-as-you-weigh pricing scheme has been mooted by a Norwegian professor who argues that weight and space should be taken into account by airlines pricing their tickets.

Writing in this month's Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Dr Bharat P Bhatta has put forward three proposals.

The first would see fares directly linked to the weight of a person and their belongings, with a fixed rate for kilograms per passenger.

Under this method, a person weighing 60kg (132lb or 9st 6lb) would pay half the airfare of a 120kg (264lb or 18st 12lb) person.

Dr Bhatta's second proposal involves charging a fixed base rate, with an additional charge for heavier passengers to cover the extra costs.

Every passenger could have a different fare according to this option.

The professor's final suggestion is for passengers to have the same fare if they have an average weight, but this could be discounted for weights below a certain limit or added to for excess weight above it.

This option would result in three types of fares: high, average and low.

Dr Bhatta, of the Sogn og Fjordane University College in Norway, thinks the third option is most suitable for implementation.

"Charging according to weight and space is a universally accepted principle, not only in transportation, but also in other services," he said.

"As weight and space are far more important in aviation than other modes of transport, airlines should take this into account when pricing their tickets."

Dr Ian Yeoman, editor of the Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, threw his weight behind the suggestion.

"For airlines, every extra kilogram means more expensive jet fuel must be burned, which leads to CO2 emissions and financial cost," he said.

"As the airline industry is fraught with financial difficulties, marginally profitable and has seen exponential growth in the last decade, maybe they should be looking to introduce scales at the check-in."

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Thousands Of Jobs Saved As Blockbuster Bought

The troubled DVD and games rental chain Blockbuster has been bought, saving 2,000 jobs and 264 UK stores.

Administrators from accountants Deloitte said restructuring specialists Gordon Brothers Europe had purchased the company for an undisclosed sum.

Blockbuster collapsed in January amid competition from internet firms and the digital streaming of movies and games.

Joint Administrator Lee Manning, said: "Having identified a profitable core portfolio of stores we are pleased to have achieved this sale for creditors.

"Together with the previously announced store sales more than half of the original estate has been secured for ongoing use.

"This transaction provides Blockbuster a future in the UK and we owe a special vote of thanks to all the company's employees, suppliers and customers for helping us rescue the business."

Commenting on the acquisition, Frank Morton, the CEO of Gordon Brothers Europe, said: "We are delighted to announce the acquisition of Blockbuster.

"We acknowledge the industry is in transition; we know that we have a challenge ahead but there is still a market to be served.

"Blockbuster has a strong brand affinity and we believe that with the right mix of new product offering, new technologies, strategic management and marketing, we can bring new life to this high street staple.

"We look forward to working with employees, suppliers, landlords and other stakeholders to make this happen."

Blockbuster had struggled to adapt to the changing market amid rivalry from internet retailers including Netflix, Amazon's LoveFilm and iTunes, which now offers a movie rental service.

The devastating impact of the internet on Britain's high streets had already been laid bare by the demise of camera chain Jessops and electricals group Comet, which also cited competition from online players as a major reason for their decline.

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Gas Stockpile Drain Prompts Price Rise Fears

Britain has drained its gas reserves so much after weeks of bad weather that fears have been raised of a looming spike in energy prices.

Households have been forced to increase their heating usage as the freezing weather continues, pushing the demand for gas to 20% higher than normal in March.

Gas stocks were reportedly just 10% full at Britain's largest storage facility on Thursday night, compared to 49% this time last year.

Energy prices will soar if Britain is forced to make up the shortfall by importing more liquefied natural gas from elsewhere, an energy expert has warned.

Graphical comparison year-on-year of gas in the UK (graph: Utilyx)

Andrew Horstead of the energy consultancy Utilyx told the Times: "There is immense pressure on the existing infrastructure.

"We are almost maxed out from imports through pipelines. The big concern is that there is very little flexibility left in the system."

He added that Britain would struggle to cope if a technical problem caused an unscheduled North Sea gas field to shut down.

Matt Osborne, risk manager at energy consultancy and brokerage firm Inenco, told Sky News that wholesale prices had spiked about 20% overnight, prompting the industry to respond quickly.

County Durham after the latest batch of snow

On Friday morning gas prices for within-day delivery then jumped more than 50% above Thursday's close following the closure of the pipeline linking Belgium to Britain after a pump failed at Bacton, Norfolk.

Downing Street said Prime Minister David Cameron is "confident" that the UK's gas needs will continue to be met.

A spokesman said:  "The absolute key thing on this is that supplies are not running out.

It was so warm last March people flocked to beaches and parks

"The gas market is how we source our supplies and that market continues to function well.

"The Prime Minister's key concern is that gas supplies continue. It is absolutely clear that supplies are not running out."

Asked if the Prime Minister was confident that this would remain the case, the spokesman replied: "Absolutely confident."

Scrub fires near Newport in Wales last March

Britain is more vulnerable than other countries to gas shortages because of its limited storage capacity, which holds just 15 days' worth of energy supplies.

But a Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) spokesperson insisted that "gas supplies are not running out".

The Chancellor's Budget revealed further gas fracking support

The spokesperson said: "Storage levels are low at the moment - as you'd expect towards the end of winter - and the UK gas market is tight.

"But the market is responding as it is designed to do - gas prices are rising and supply is being maintained accordingly.

"Gas storage would never be the sole source of gas meeting our needs, so it is misleading to talk purely about how many days' supply is in storage."

However, the gas fears come as the head of the energy giant SSE warned of the "very real risk" of the lights going out in Britain.

Ian Marchant said the Government was underestimating the problem, as he announced plans to cut back on power generation at five sites because the stations are either uneconomic or coming to the end of their lives.

He said: "It appears the Government is significantly underestimating the scale of the capacity crunch facing the UK in the next three years and there is a very real risk of the lights going out as a result."

He said the energy watchdog Ofgem had recently expressed real concern about the reduction of the UK's generation capacity margin that would follow expected plant closures in the next few years, predicting a 1-in-12 chance of the lights going out.

Mr Marchant added: "It is unlikely that the majority of the reductions in generation capacity and the delays to new investment we have announced today will have been included in this analysis.

"(This) highlights that the situation is likely to be even more critical than even they have predicted."

The DECC spokesperson added: "We are in close contact with National Grid, who are able to step into the market to source gas and increase incentives on gas suppliers if they think there is a risk of a supply shortfall."

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Cyprus Agrees 20% Tax On Bank Deposits

Politicians in Cyprus have reportedly agreed a new one-off levy on savers in order to secure a European bailout.

The measures, yet to be confirmed by the country's President, include a 20% tax on savers with deposits over 100,000 euros at the country's largest bank, the Bank of Cyprus.

A 4% tax on deposits over 100,000 euros would be levied at other banks, a senior Cypriot official told Reuters.

Cyprus has to raise 5.8bn euros by Monday or face being kicked out of the single currency.

Eurozone finance ministers are due to meet on Sunday evening to see if the numbers Cyprus has agreed with its international lenders add up.

Bank workers shout during a protest outside the presidential palace

Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades tweeted: "We are undertaking great efforts. I hope we have a solution soon."

The conservative leader, barely a month into the job and wrestling with Cyprus's worst crisis since a 1974 invasion by Turkish forces split the island in two, was due to lead a delegation to Brussels, also on Sunday, to meet heads of the "troika" - the EU, the European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund - in a sign a deal might be near.

Government officials held talks throughout Saturday at the finance ministry with troika lenders. Angry demonstrators outside chanted "resign, resign!"

Its outsized banking sector crippled by exposure to crisis-hit Greece, Cyprus needs to raise the 5.8bn euros in exchange for a 10bn euro EU lifeline to keep the country's economy afloat.

But in a vote on Tuesday, Cyprus's 56-seat parliament rejected a levy on depositors, big and small, as "bank robbery", and the country's finance minister Michael Sarris spent three fruitless days in Moscow trying to win help from Russia, whose citizens have billions of euros at stake in Cypriot banks.

Rebuffed by the Kremlin, Mr Sarris said earlier on Saturday that talks with the troika were centred on a possibly levy of up to 25% on savings over and above 100,000 euros at failing Bank of Cyprus.

However, the situation remains fluid and other options, including a "voluntary haircut" in exchange for equity that would not require parliamentary approval, are said to still be on the table.

Ordinary Cypriots were outraged by the original proposal, and have been besieging cash machines ever since bank doors were closed last weekend on the orders of the government to avert a massive flight of capital.

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Gas Stockpile Drain Prompts Price Rise Fears

Britain has drained its gas reserves so much after weeks of bad weather that fears have been raised of a looming spike in energy prices.

Households have been forced to increase their heating usage as the freezing weather continues, pushing the demand for gas to 20% higher than normal in March.

Gas stocks were reportedly just 10% full at Britain's largest storage facility on Thursday night, compared to 49% this time last year.

Energy prices will soar if Britain is forced to make up the shortfall by importing more liquefied natural gas from elsewhere, an energy expert has warned.

Graphical comparison year-on-year of gas in the UK (graph: Utilyx)

Andrew Horstead of the energy consultancy Utilyx told the Times: "There is immense pressure on the existing infrastructure.

"We are almost maxed out from imports through pipelines. The big concern is that there is very little flexibility left in the system."

He added that Britain would struggle to cope if a technical problem caused an unscheduled North Sea gas field to shut down.

Matt Osborne, risk manager at energy consultancy and brokerage firm Inenco, told Sky News that wholesale prices had spiked about 20% overnight, prompting the industry to respond quickly.

County Durham after the latest batch of snow

On Friday morning gas prices for within-day delivery then jumped more than 50% above Thursday's close following the closure of the pipeline linking Belgium to Britain after a pump failed at Bacton, Norfolk.

Downing Street said Prime Minister David Cameron is "confident" that the UK's gas needs will continue to be met.

A spokesman said:  "The absolute key thing on this is that supplies are not running out.

It was so warm last March people flocked to beaches and parks

"The gas market is how we source our supplies and that market continues to function well.

"The Prime Minister's key concern is that gas supplies continue. It is absolutely clear that supplies are not running out."

Asked if the Prime Minister was confident that this would remain the case, the spokesman replied: "Absolutely confident."

Scrub fires near Newport in Wales last March

Britain is more vulnerable than other countries to gas shortages because of its limited storage capacity, which holds just 15 days' worth of energy supplies.

But a Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) spokesperson insisted that "gas supplies are not running out".

The Chancellor's Budget revealed further gas fracking support

The spokesperson said: "Storage levels are low at the moment - as you'd expect towards the end of winter - and the UK gas market is tight.

"But the market is responding as it is designed to do - gas prices are rising and supply is being maintained accordingly.

"Gas storage would never be the sole source of gas meeting our needs, so it is misleading to talk purely about how many days' supply is in storage."

However, the gas fears come as the head of the energy giant SSE warned of the "very real risk" of the lights going out in Britain.

Ian Marchant said the Government was underestimating the problem, as he announced plans to cut back on power generation at five sites because the stations are either uneconomic or coming to the end of their lives.

He said: "It appears the Government is significantly underestimating the scale of the capacity crunch facing the UK in the next three years and there is a very real risk of the lights going out as a result."

He said the energy watchdog Ofgem had recently expressed real concern about the reduction of the UK's generation capacity margin that would follow expected plant closures in the next few years, predicting a 1-in-12 chance of the lights going out.

Mr Marchant added: "It is unlikely that the majority of the reductions in generation capacity and the delays to new investment we have announced today will have been included in this analysis.

"(This) highlights that the situation is likely to be even more critical than even they have predicted."

The DECC spokesperson added: "We are in close contact with National Grid, who are able to step into the market to source gas and increase incentives on gas suppliers if they think there is a risk of a supply shortfall."

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City Titans Back Crunch Stock Market Probe

By Mark Kleinman, City Editor

The City's most powerful investor group is launching a probe into the effectiveness of Britain's stock markets amid deepening concern that 'short-termism' is damaging the country's wider economic interests.

I have learnt that the Association of British Insurers (ABI), whose members own about 20% of the blue-chip FTSE-100 index, has begun consulting with leading City firms over what is set to be one of the most important inquiries in its history.

People close to the ABI said the investigation would examine a string of issues which have provoked controversy in the City in recent years, including the functioning of the market for new share sales.

The number of initial public offerings (IPOs) has dwindled since the financial crisis of 2008, partly because of mistrust between the private equity groups attempting to sell their portfolio companies and stock market investors.

The ABI inquiry is being headed by Robert Talbut, chairman of its investment committee and a senior fund manager at Royal London Asset Management, and Robert Hingley, the group's director of investment affairs.

Sky News understands that the ABI has drafted in Angus Bogle, a former executive at Citi, the investment bank, and Fidelity, the fund management giant, to oversee the probe.

Meetings have been scheduled with leading fund managers and investment banks in the coming weeks, with the aim of producing a series of recommendations in a report later this year.

The ABI, whose largest members include Legal & General, Prudential and Standard Life, will also look at the tax treatment of debt and equity; assess ways to improve the market for equity investment in support of longer term growth; and examine shifts in the composition of investors' portfolios in recent years.

Perceptions of investor short-termism have become a hotly-debated political issue, particularly after a spate of foreign takeovers of major listed UK companies, culminating in the takeover of Cadbury by Kraft Foods of the US in 2010.

Last year, John Kay, an economist, published a report commissioned by Vince Cable, the Business Secretary, in which he recommended an end to quarterly company reporting and the establishment of an investor forum to encourage more effective engagement with public companies.

Mr Cable said at the time: "Many of us feel that in the past, our public companies and investors have focused on short-term profit at the expense of long-term value.

"The behaviour of many banks in the run up to the financial crisis is an extreme example of this quick buck mentality, but there is clearly a wider problem."

Some senior ABI figures are understood to have felt that Professor Kay's review did not go far enough, prompting the lobbying group to launch its own probe.

Earlier this month, Labour published a separate review which recommended reforms to executive pay packages and changing the rules governing overseas takeovers of British companies.

The ABI, which declined to comment on its investigation, is one of the most influential lobbying groups in British business. Late last year it published a report in which it warned that reforms to the regulation of the banking industry risked making the UK's biggest lenders uninvestable.

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Cyprus Bailout: MPs Stumble Towards Deal

Cyprus Bailout: Threat To Savings

Updated: 7:36am UK, Saturday 23 March 2013

By Ashish Joshi, Sky News Correspondent

Finally late into Friday night - an agreement on Plan B, meaning Cyprus has moved one giant step towards securing a Brussels bailout.

It includes a solidarity fund pooling together state assets and the granting of power to the Government to control bank capital.

The latter move is to prevent a run on the banks when their doors finally open on Tuesday.

There will also be a restructuring of the country's banks and a savings tax on Cypriot savers.

The details of the tax have still to be finalised, but the framework is in place.

It could mean savings over 100,000 euros held in Bank of Cyprus accounts being taxed up to 20%, according to one source close to the negotiations.

The same source said if that proposal is rejected there will be a plan to impose a tax of around 10% on all Cypriot bank accounts over 100,000 euros.

The threat of savers being hit hangs over the heads of people like Loizos Michael.

The 60-year-old tailor worked hard for 35 years, building up a good business.

He was looking forward to a wealthy retirement. Not anymore. Times are hard.

Speaking from his small tailor's shop in central Nicosia, Mr Michael said: "With the banks being closed, it is hard because I don't have a credit card and so cash flow is a problem.

"Even filling your car with petrol needs thinking about.

"Cypriots have always been workers by nature and nobody could have imagined that unemployment would be so high.

"This has hit us hard in the pockets."

Cyprus is weathering a storm - the likes of which this Mediterranean island has never faced in her young history.

Mr Michael said he knew things were getting bad, but expected solutions to be found to avoid ordinary people having to suffer.

"I expected something better. But now, it looks like the problem has been brewing for some time," he said.

"There used to be some people talking about the crisis, but now everyone's talking about it.

"I think things are harder now than just after the war. After the war of '74 people could still find work. Now, there is just no work so people have no money. What can we do?"

In the 1990s, Cyprus boasted a dynamic, booming economy, but it grew and unchecked.

An overbloated banking sector exposed to Greek debt has crippled the country's economy.

Now people like Loizos Michael must pay the price. He and the rest of Cyprus will soon find out exactly how much that is going to be.

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Retail Sales Rebound In February

Strong demand for tablets has helped retail sales increase by more than expected in February.

Excluding fuel, they rebounded by 1.9% when compared to January, and by 3.3% on the year, according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

The jump in both volume and amount spent follows subdued year-on-year retail sales growth rates since September 2012.

Strong sales at computer equipment retailers and department stores helped drive February's rise, and online also performed well, the ONS said.

Spending online accounted for 9.7% of all retail spending, excluding fuel, in February. The average weekly spend on the internet was £540m - an increase of over 10% when compared with February 2012.

It comes after a disappointing start to 2013, when sales plunged as a result of heavy snow across swathes of the UK.

Deloitte's UK head of retail, Ian Geddes, said February's figures were good news for the sector - but warned that caution should be exercised because New Year sales often continue into February.

He added: "The period measured does not include the last week of February when poor weather hit, so next month's figures may be affected."

The data comes a day after Chancellor George Osborne unveiled his Budget - but Mr Geddes said it provided "little respite" for the troubled high street.

"Any retailer expecting consumers to have more money in their pockets as a result of this Budget may be disappointed," he said.

But he added that the reduction of the corporation tax rate would "significantly benefit" UK-based retailers, which represent some of the largest UK corporation tax payers.

The data also came as clothing retailers Next and Ted Baker reported full-year financial results.

Both companies said sales had increased in 2012, and joined a number of other companies - including Zara, Sports Direct and Asos - in reporting strong figures despite the difficult economic conditions.

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